Many theories were emitted to try to explain the origins of the Basque people. Our intention is not, here, to index them, which would be long and tiresome, but we try to recall the great transfers which took place in a " Free-Cantabric " zone, delimited in south-west by Asturies (in Spain), and in the North-East by the Dordogne (in France). This zone is separate naturally by the Pyrenees, and Vasconie was the heart. The civilization which populated this area (approximately : -13000 years), was the ancestors of the Basques.

Traces of this period are still visible thanks to the caves of Isturitz and Oxocelhaya and with the presence of many prehistoric vestiges.

| Great dates | the French revolution | Saint-Jacques of Compostelle |